均压环在高功率微波辐射天线窗中的应用

为提高高功率微波（HPM）辐射天线的功率容量，设计了带均压环的HPM微波辐射天线窗。均压环嵌入介质窗表面后介质窗表面电场分布发生改变，电子运动轨迹也随之发生改变，改变电子运动轨迹能有效抑制二次电子倍增造成的介质窗击穿。当均压环与辐射场电场垂直时，CST模拟表明，均压环的加入基本不影响天线的辐射性能。将其应用于返波管振荡器（BWO）实验中（输出微波为TM01模），结果表明：在束压3 MV、束流10 kA、效率30%时，普通天线窗输出脉宽为45 ns，而加入均压环的天线窗输出脉宽100 ns。

Application research on grading ring in high power microwave antenna window

In order to improve the power capacity of the high power microwave (HPM) radiation antenna, a radiation antenna window with grading ring is designed. With grading ring in antenna window can avoid dielectric window breakdown effectively. Changing the electric field distribution of the dielectric window leads to the electron trajectory change. CST simulation shows that when the grading ring is perpendicular to electric field, it does not affect the radiation of the antenna. According to the output microwave characteristics (TM01 mode) of HPM device (BWO Backward-wave Oscillator), the BWO experiment shows that the width of the output microwave changes from 45 ns to 100 ns with a beam voltage of 3 MV, a beam current of 10 kA, and an efficiency of 30%.