Charge density wave in graphene: Magnetic-field-induced Peierls instability

We suggest that a magnetic-field-induced Peierls instability accounts for the recent experiment of Zhang et al. in which unexpected quantum Hall plateaus were observed at high magnetic fields in graphene on a substrate. This Peierls instability leads to an out-of-plane lattice distortion resulting in a charge density wave (CDW) on sublattices A and B of the graphene honeycomb lattice. We also discuss alternative microscopic scenarios proposed in the literature and leading to a similar CDW ground state in graphene.