Rationalizing cellulose (in)solubility: reviewing basic physicochemical aspects and role of hydrophobic interactions |
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| Authors: | Bruno Medronho Anabela Romano Maria Gra?a Miguel Lars Stigsson Bj?rn Lindman |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;(2) Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology (IBB/CGB), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;(3) KIRAM AB, Norra Villav?gen 17, 23734 Bj?rred, Sweden;(4) Division of Physical Chemistry, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Despite being the world’s most abundant natural polymer and one of the most studied, cellulose is still challenging researchers.
Cellulose is known to be insoluble in water and in many organic solvents, but can be dissolved in a number of solvents of
intermediate properties, like N-methylmorpholine N-oxide and ionic liquids which, apparently, are not related. It can also be dissolved in water at extreme pHs, in particular
if a cosolute of intermediate polarity is added. The insolubility in water is often referred to strong intermolecular hydrogen
bonding between cellulose molecules. Revisiting some fundamental polymer physicochemical aspects (i.e. intermolecular interactions)
a different picture is now revealed: cellulose is significantly amphiphilic and hydrophobic interactions are important to
understand its solubility pattern. In this paper we try to provide a basis for developing novel solvents for cellulose based
on a critical analysis of the intermolecular interactions involved and mechanisms of dissolution. |
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