Field study of a soft X-ray aerosol neutralizer combined with electrostatic classifiers for nanoparticle size distribution measurements |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC)-CNR, Bologna, Italy;2. Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy;3. ECSIN — European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, Veneto Nanotech Scpa, Rovigo, Italy;4. Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE), Bologna, Italy;5. University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, Department of Science and Technology Innovation, Alessandria, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Clean Chemistry Technology of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Waygreen Technologies, Inc., Guangzhou 511441, China;1. Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany;3. Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry Department (MAIC), Fraunhofer-Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut (WKI), Bienroder Weg 54E, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany;1. Regional Centre for Environment and Health, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli, 13, 41121, Modena, Italy;2. Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Rocchi, 19, 40138, Bologna, Italy;3. Provincial District of Ravenna, Arpae Emilia-Romagna, Via Alberoni, 17/19, 48121, Ravenna, Italy;4. Department of Science and HighTechnology, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy;5. Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;1. Regional Centre for Environment and Health, ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Via Begarelli, 13, 41121 Modena, Italy;2. Regional Centre for Urban Areas, ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Via Rocchi, 19, 40138 Bologna, Italy;3. Provincial District of Ferrara, ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Via Bologna 534, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;4. Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Most conventional aerosol neutralizers are based on radioactive sources, which are controlled by strict regulations restricting their handling, transport, and storage. The TSI 3087 soft X-ray (SXR) neutralizer circumvents these legal restrictions. The aim of the present work is to compare the performance of a standalone SXR aerosol neutralizer with that of conventional radioactive aerosol neutralizers based on 85Kr (TSI 3077) and 241Am (Grimm 5522) by performing field tests in a real environmental scenario. The results obtained when the SXR neutralizer was connected to a mobility particle sizer spectrometer (MPS), different from the device suggested by the manufacturer, were comparable with those obtained with the use of radioactive aerosol neutralizers. In changing the neutralizer, the particle number concentrations, measured with the MPS connected to the SXR neutralizer, almost remained within the 10% uncertainty bounds for the particle size interval 10–300 nm, when diffusion losses inside the SXR tube were considered. Based on our comparisons, the SXR neutralizer can be regarded as a standalone instrument that could solve the problems associated with legal restrictions on radioactive neutralizers and fulfil the need for a portable instrument for different field test purposes. |
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| Keywords: | Aerosol neutralizer Soft X-ray non-radioactive charger Mobility particle sizer spectrometer Particle size distribution Diffusion losses |
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