316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展

316L不锈钢具备良好的力学性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能，被广泛应用于化工管道、船舶及核电等领域。因其应用环境复杂，316L不锈钢在特定介质环境和拉应力的协同作用下，易发生应力腐蚀开裂，导致严重事故。概述了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生及扩展的规律，总结了其应力腐蚀的阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种微观主导机制的特点。在此基础上，针对介质环境、材料、表面应力状态3个影响因素，综述了近年来通过调节介质环境的pH、溶液浓度、引入压应力、优化微观结构及涂层工艺等方面，改善316L不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的研究进展。最后，基于316L不锈钢面临的应力腐蚀问题，从应力腐蚀机制和防护措施两方面展望了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的研究热点和方向。

Research progress on stress corrosion of 316L stainless steel

316L stainless steel has good mechanical properties, welding performance, and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in chemical pipelines, ships, nuclear power, and other fields. Due to the complex application environment, 316L stainless steel is prone to stress corrosion cracking under the synergistic effect of specific media environment and tensile stresses, leading to serious accidents. The laws of the stress corrosion crack initiation and propagation in 316L stainless steel were overviewed, the characteristics of the two micro dominant mechanisms of stress corrosion, anodic dissolution and hydrogen induced cracking, were summarized. On this basis, arming at the three influencing factors of medium environment, material, and surface stress state, the recent research progress in improving the stress corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel by adjusting the pH, solution concentration, introducing compressive stress, optimizing microstructure, and coating process of the medium environment is reviewed. Finally, based on the stress corrosion problem faced by 316L stainless steel, the research hotspots and directions of stress corrosion in 316L stainless steel are prospected from the two aspects of stress corrosion mechanism and protective measures.