Universal Groups of Effect Spaces

Various axiomatic models for unsharp quantum measurements are investigated. These include effect spaces (E-spaces), effect test spaces (E-test spaces), effect algebras, and test groups. It is shown that a test group G is the universal group of an E-test space if and only if G is strongly atomistic. It follows that if G is strongly atomistic, then G is an interpolation group. We then demonstrate that if G is an interpolation group, then G is the universal group of an E-space. Finally, it is shown that an E-space is isomorphic to an E-test space if and only if it is strongly atomistic.