相转移催化在高分子化合物合成中的应用

 综述了相转移催化用于高分子化合物合成的主要研究进展．介绍了季铵盐类及冠醚类相转移催化剂在高聚物的亲核取代反应、阴离子开环聚合反应及自由基聚合反应中的应用．重点总结了亲核取代反应中聚苯乙烯类化合物的功能化及化学修饰，包括合成路线、反应机理、温度以及催化剂和溶剂的种类与用量等因素对反应的影响．冠醚类化合物的催化效果略优于季铵盐类化合物，而后者的成本低、毒性小、应用更广泛，其催化的反应应作为今后研究的重点，以期将相转移催化技术尽早用于工业化生产．

Polymer Synthesis by Phase-Transfer Catalysis

The polymer synthesis by phase transfer catalysis (PTC) is reviewed. The applications of quaternary ammonium salt and crown ether as phase transfer catalysts for the nucleophilic substitution, anionic ring opening polymerization, and free radical polymerization are introduced. Emphasis is placed on some nucleophilic substitution reactions for the chemical modification and functionalization of polystyrene, including synthesis route, reaction mechanism, and factors such as temperature, types and contents of the catalysts and solvents. Crown ether is little better than quaternary ammonium salt in most PTC reactions, but the latter is much cheaper and less poisonous. We believe that future research should put emphasis on the reactions catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salt, so that the PTC technology could be industrialized as soon as possible.