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Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting |
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| Authors: | Asif Hayat Muhammad Sohail Hamid Ali T A Taha H I A Qazi Naveed Ur Rahman Zeeshan Ajmal Abul Kalam Abdullah G Al-Sehemi S Wageh Mohammed A Amin Arkom Palamanit W I Nawawi Emad F Newair Yasin Orooji |
| Institution: | 1. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, Zhejiang, P. R. China;2. Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 313001 Huzhou, P. R. China
These authors are contributed equally to the formation of this article.;3. Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350100 Fuzhou, China;4. Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, PO Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952 Egypt;5. College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 400065 Chongqing, China;6. Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, KP, Pakistan;7. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xian, P. R. China;8. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia;9. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952 Menouf, Egypt;10. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia;11. Energy Technology Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., 90110 Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand;12. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Cawangan Perlis, Arau Perlis, Malaysia;13. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt;14. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004 Jinhua, China |
| Abstract: | Recently, the growing demand for a renewable and sustainable fuel alternative is contingent on fuel cell technologies. Even though it is regarded as an environmentally sustainable method of generating fuel for immediate concerns, it must be enhanced to make it extraordinarily affordable, and environmentally sustainable. Hydrogen (H2) synthesis by electrochemical water splitting (ECWS) is considered one of the foremost potential prospective methods for renewable energy output and H2 society implementation. Existing massive H2 output is mostly reliant on the steaming reformation of carbon fuels that yield CO2 together with H2 and is a finite resource. ECWS is a viable, efficient, and contamination-free method for H2 evolution. Consequently, developing reliable and cost-effective technology for ECWS was a top priority for scientists around the globe. Utilizing renewable technologies to decrease total fuel utilization is crucial for H2 evolution. Capturing and transforming the fuel from the ambient through various renewable solutions for water splitting (WS) could effectively reduce the need for additional electricity. ECWS is among the foremost potential prospective methods for renewable energy output and the achievement of a H2-based economy. For the overall water splitting (OWS), several transition-metal-based polyfunctional metal catalysts for both cathode and anode have been synthesized. Furthermore, the essential to the widespread adoption of such technology is the development of reduced-price, super functional electrocatalysts to substitute those, depending on metals. Many metal-premised electrocatalysts for both the anode and cathode have been designed for the WS process. The attributes of H2 and oxygen (O2) dynamics interactions on the electrodes of water electrolysis cells and the fundamental techniques for evaluating the achievement of electrocatalysts are outlined in this paper. Special emphasis is paid to their fabrication, electrocatalytic performance, durability, and measures for enhancing their efficiency. In addition, prospective ideas on metal-based WS electrocatalysts based on existing problems are presented. It is anticipated that this review will offer a straight direction toward the engineering and construction of novel polyfunctional electrocatalysts encompassing superior efficiency in a suitable WS technique. |
| Keywords: | Electrolysis Evaluation Parameters Metal-based Electrocatalysts Overall Water Splitting Solar Cell etc |