Spin singlet mott states and evidence for spin singlet quantum condensates of spin-one bosons in lattices |
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Authors: | Fei Zhou Michiel Snoek |
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Affiliation: | a ITP, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands b Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agriculture Road, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1 |
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Abstract: | We have investigated spin singlet Mott states of spin-one bosons with antiferromagnetic interactions. These spin singlet states do not break rotational symmetry and exhibit remarkably different macroscopic properties compared with nematic Mott states of spin-one bosons. We demonstrate that the dynamics of spin singlet Mott states is fully characterized by even- or odd-class quantum dimer models. The difference between spin singlet Mott states for even and odd numbers of atoms per site can be attributed to a selection rule in the low energy sectors of on-site Hilbert spaces; alternatively, it can also be attributed to an effect of Berry’s phases on bosonic Mott states. We also discuss evidence for spin singlet quantum condensate of spin-one atoms. Our main finding is that in a projected spin singlet Hilbert space, the low energy physics of spin-one bosons is equivalent to that of a Bose-Hubbard model for spinless bosons interacting via Ising gauge fields. The other major finding is spin-charge separation in some one-dimensional Mott states. We propose charge-e spin singlet superfluid for an odd number of atoms per lattice site and charge-2e spin singlet superfluid for an even number of atoms per lattice site in one-dimensional lattices. All discussions in this article are limited to integer numbers of bosons per site. |
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Keywords: | 3.75.Mn 05.30.Jp 75.10.Jm |
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