铝球弹丸高速斜撞击铝Whipple防护结构时后板的损伤特性

 为了研究空间碎片对航天器防护结构的高速斜撞击损伤特性，采用二级轻气炮发射铝球弹丸，对铝Whipple防护结构进行高速斜撞击实验。弹丸直径为3.97 mm，撞击速度为1.14～5.35 km/s，撞击角度为0°～70°。实验得到了铝Whipple防护结构在不同撞击速度区间的后板损伤模式，分析了后板撞击损伤及弹坑分布特性，建立了预测铝球弹丸高速斜撞击铝Whipple防护结构时后板弹坑分布的经验公式。结果表明：在大角度斜撞击条件下，对于一定的撞击速度，铝Whipple防护结构的后板弹坑分布会出现两个区域；弹丸的撞击破碎临界速度将影响后板损伤随撞击角的变化关系；对于铝Whipple防护结构，存在使后板撞击损伤最严重的临界撞击角。

Damage Characteristics of Rear Walls of Aluminum Whipple Shields by Oblique Hypervelocity Impact of Aluminum Spheres

In order to simulate and study the oblique hypervelocity impacts of space debris on bumper of spacecrafts,a series of oblique hypervelocity impact experiments of aluminum Whipple shields are carried out by a two-stage light gas gun.The aluminum alloy projectile diameter is 3.97 mm,the impact velocities range from 1.14 to 5.35 km/s,and the impact angles range from 0° to 70°.The crater distributions on the rear wall of aluminum Whipple shield obliquely impacted by aluminum spheres are obtained and analyzed.In addition,the forecast equations for crater distribution on the rear wall of aluminum Whipple shield by oblique hypervelocity impact are derived.The results indicate that there are two crater distribution areas on the rear wall under hypervelocity oblique impact.The critical fragmentation velocity of projectile will bring effect on the relationship between the impact damage law of rear wall and impact angle.For aluminum alloy Whipple shield,there exists a critical initial collision angle at which the impact damage on the rear wall is the most severe.