Detailed kinetic modeling of pyrolysis of tetrabromobisphenol A |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2. Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;1. Chemical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan;2. Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7-2RD, UK;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Technological Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 42325, Shuwaikh 70654, Kuwait;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering & Petroleum, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;1. School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China;2. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;3. Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China;4. Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The thermal degradation of 4,4′-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol), commonly known as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA), was studied by means of a semi-detailed kinetic model. TBBA is a widely adopted flame retardant. It decomposes in a temperature range between 200 °C and 500 °C, forming gaseous mixtures of HBr and harmful compounds such as bromine-containing phenols, the precursors of brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs). These thermochemical characteristics constitute a significant risk of environmental contamination right throughout TBBA's whole life cycle. A kinetic model based on about 60 components (real and lumped species and radicals) and about 900 reactions satisfactorily reproduces the main aspects of TBBA degradation and volatilization. The model was validated by comparison with several thermogravimetric analyses, both isothermal and dynamic at 10 °C/min. The vaporization of pure TBBA, the formation of hydrogen bromide and of carbonaceous residue were all correctly predicted in quantitative terms right across the entire temperature range. Compared to conventional one-step global apparent degradation models, the proposed model spans much larger operating ranges, especially in predicting the gas phase products distribution. The results are encouraging and confirm the validity of the detailed kinetic model. |
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