Tracing Life back to elements

The most ancient sequences, of proteins and nucleic acids, active in their early times, can be still recognized amongst modern sequences. That allows reconstruction of all steps of evolution of the triplet code, and of the earliest stages of evolution of genes and proteins. According to the reconstruction, the very first protein activities of living matter have been ATP binding and ATPase, responsible for energy supply. Respective modern proteins and genes are projected back to their earliest primordial forms. In particular, it is demonstrated that these two earliest activities have been encoded originally in the complementary strands of the same duplex gene.