瓦氏黄颡头骨的研究(英文)

本文对瓦氏黄颡头骨形态作了详细描述,并对鲶形目续骨的退化和前鳃盖骨功能的转变进行了讨论。通过对鲿科、鲶科、鮡科、胡子鲶科和鲤科共8种鱼类头骨的比较观察,发现鲶类头骨的又一显著特征,即上枕骨上有一对三叉神经叉脊支神经孔。 瓦氏黄颡的头骨由125块(含软骨)组成,其中脑颅37块,咽颅86块(颌弓20,舌弓37,鳃弓31)。其头骨的主要特点可归纳如下: (1)无顶骨、后耳骨和下鳃盖骨; (2)腭骨呈棒状,后端游离,前端与上颌骨关节;上颌骨退化成短棍状以支持触须。 (3)上枕骨具发达的柄状上枕棘及腹脊,以及一对三叉神经叉脊支神经孔。 (4)前囟和后囟均存在,且较宽,表明其在进化上的原始性; (5)由泪骨、侧筛骨、筛骨、鼻骨和前颌骨构成的框架保护其发达的鼻囊; (6)由4对围眶骨和侧筛骨、额骨保护其较发达的眼; (7)前鳃盖骨与舌颌骨、方骨紧密关节,间鳃盖骨紧贴在上舌骨的外面,均参与悬器的形成; (8)鳃弓骨化不全,仅骨化出2枚基鳃骨、2对下鳃骨;相当于基一下鳃骨区域的其余部分终生保留为软骨; (9)具软骨性续骨。

STUDIES ON THE SKULL OF THE CHINESE BAGRIDAE CATFISH: Pelteodagrus vachelli

Pelteobagrus vachelli is a apeccies of small economic Bagridae catfish which is abundant in the Jialing River in Sichuan Province. A detailed morphological study of its skull has provided evidence which holds significance for its taxonomic classification. A new distinguishing feature is described for the osteocranium of catfish in which its supraoccipital bone has a pair of nerve foramina foramina for the rami trigeminal spinalis of the cranial nerve V. On the basis of this distinctive feature, it is suggested that Siluriformes can be distinguished from the Cypriniformes