掺杂抑制氟化钡晶体慢闪烁成分研究进展

高能物理强度前沿装置、飞行时间技术正电子发射断层扫描、超高频辐射成像和正电子湮灭寿命谱分析等应用对闪烁体的时间响应提出了更高的要求,发展超快衰减闪烁体已成为研究热点之一。氟化钡晶体是一种具有亚纳秒级快闪烁成分的独特无机闪烁体,但其衰减时间约0.6 μs的慢闪烁发光成分会在高计数率应用时引起严重的信号堆积。作为一种抑制慢闪烁成分的有效途径,氟化钡晶体慢闪烁成分抑制的掺杂研究在过去三十年受到持续关注。本文回顾了掺杂抑制氟化钡晶体慢闪烁成分的研究历史,提出了掺杂元素选择的基本原则,重点介绍稀土金属(La、Y、Lu和Sc)、碱土金属(Mg、Sr)、过渡金属(Cd)和碱金属(K)等掺杂的慢闪烁成分抑制特性、内在机理和应用研究情况,并展望了所面临的挑战与机遇。

Research Progress on Suppression of Slow Scintillation Component in Barium Fluoride Crystal by Doping

Applications, such as high energy physics experiments at intensity frontier, time-of-flight positron emission tomography, ultrahigh repetition radiation imaging, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, etc., have raised increasing demands on the time response of scintillators. Development of ultrafast scintillators becomes one of focuses in recent studies. Barium fluoride (BaF₂) crystal is a unique ultrafast scintillator with a sub-nanosecond fast scintillation component, its slow scintillation component with a decay time of about 0.6 μs, however, will cause serious pileups at high counting rates. As an effective approach to suppress the slow component in BaF₂ crystals, doping has attracted continuous attention over the past three decades. This paper reviews the history of suppression of slow component in BaF₂ crystals by doping, and then proposes basic principles on selecting doping elements. Suppression characteristic and mechanisms of slow component in BaF₂ crystals doped with rare-earth metals (La, Y, Lu, Sc), alkali earth metals (Mg, Sr), transition metal (Cd), and alkali metal (K) are highlighted, and application research is introduced. The challenge and opportunity of slow component suppression by doping are also prospected.