Pulsed ion beam-assisted carburizing of titanium in methane discharge |
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Authors: | M Shafiq M Hassan K Shahza A Qayyum S Ahma R S Rawat and MZakaullah |
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Institution: | Department of Physics, GC University, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan; National Tokamak Fusion Program, P O Box 3329 Islamabad, Pakistan; Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, NIE BLK7, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore |
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Abstract: | The carburizing of titanium (Ti) is accomplished by utilizing
energetic ion pulses of a 1.5 kJ Mather type dense plasma focus (DPF)
device operated in methane discharge. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis confirms the deposition of polycrystalline titanium carbide
(TiC). The samples carburized at lower axial and angular positions
show an improved texture for a typical (200)TiC plane.
The Williamson--Hall method is employed to estimate average crystallite
size and microstrains in the carburized Ti surface. Crystallite size
is found to vary from $\sim 50$ to 100~nm, depending on the deposition
parameters. Microstrains vary with the sample position and hence ion
flux, and are converted from tensile to compressive by increasing
the flux. The carburizing of Ti is confirmed by two major doublets
extending from 300 to 390~cm$^{ - 1}$ and from 560 to 620~cm$^{ -
1}$ corresponding to acoustic and optical active modes in Raman
spectra, respectively. Analyses by scanning electron
microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) have
provided qualitative and quantitative profiles of the carburized
surface. The Vickers microhardness of Ti is significantly improved after
carburizing. |
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Keywords: | carbide plasma focus microstructure surface
morphology |
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