Immobilized phthalocyanines of magnesium,aluminum, and zinc in photodynamic treatment of mesenchymal stromal cells

Phthalocyanines of magnesium, aluminum, and zinc immobilized on nano-sized silica and poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone in aqueous solutions were synthesized. Photochemical activity of the immobilized metal complexes was assessed by generation of singlet oxygen. Nontoxic concentrations of the new photosensitizers were determined in vitro. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed for immobilized phthalocyanines using mesenchymal stromal cells as a cell model. Aluminum phthalocyanine immobilized on nano-sized silica displayed the highest cell tropism. Irradiation of phthalocyanine-loaded cells resulted in generation of active singlet oxygen and subsequent apoptotic cell death. The use of immobilized phthalocyanines allowed decreasing the effective concentration (dose) of photosensitizer and enhancing the PDT cytotoxicity.