Preconcentration of ultra-trace amounts of iron and antimony using ion pair solid phase extraction with modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Ion pair solid phase extraction was applied to the simultaneous preconcentration of iron and antimony. The ion pairs consisting of FeCl₄ ^? or SbCl₄ ^? anions and the benzyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium cation were formed on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, then eluted with nitric acid, and the elements finally quantified by ETAAS. The adsorption capacities of the impregnated MWCNTs are 9.2 mg g^?1 for iron and 27.5 mg g^?1 for antimony. The following analytical figures of merit were determined for iron and antimony, respectively: Enrichment factors of 210 and 230, assay precisions of ±5.3 % and ±4.8 %, linear calibration plots from 0.7 to 9.4 and 13.0 to 190 ng L^?1, and detection limits of 0.17 and 3.5 ng L^?1. The method was applied to the determination of iron and antimony in human hair, synthetic sample, and to the certified reference materials gold ore (MA-1b) and trace elements in water (SRM 1643d).