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对研制计算流体力学高效并行算法及软件具有重要意义的并行计算问题提出了导引性的看法．首先综述了并行计算机的主要设计特征并简要描述了市场现有的几种并行系统．接着介绍了一些有关研制并行算法及评价其性能的重要概念．然后讨论了如何使分布式内存并行计算机的运行负载不平衡和通信开销达到最小．最后列举了计算流体力学某些算例的测试结果．本文的重点是结构网格和分程序结构网格的应用，但这些概念和方法对非结构网格同样有效

PARALLEL COMPUTERS AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR CFD

This text presents a tutorial on those aspects of parallel computing that are important for the development of efficient parallel algorithms and software for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). We first review the main architectural features of parallel computers and we briefly describe some parallel systems on the market today. We introduce some important concepts concerning the development and the performance evaluation of parallel algorithms. We discuss how work load imbalance and communication costs on distributed memory parallel computers can be minimised. We present performance results for some CFD testcases. We focus on applications using structured and block structured grids, but the concepts and techniques are valid also for unstructured grids.