电负性研究(Ⅱ)—氢的电负性

氢的电负性值是氢元素性质的重要参数，１９３２年Pauling犤１～３犦定量确定氢的相对电负性值等于２．１，１９６１年Allred犤４，５犦用更准确的实验数据对Paul－ing电负性标度进行了修正，氢的电负性值被确定为２．２，目前这两个数值都在采用。元素的电负性值是与元素的性质紧密相关的，一个合适的电负性标度应该至少反映所有重要元素的电负性值，氢的化合物比任何其它元素都多，理应有一个基本的准确电负性值，然而一些电负性标度中却缺乏这样的数据。在Murphy等四人犤６犦最近发表的论文中，对Pauling电负性标度又进行了深入考查与…

Electronegativity (Ⅱ)-The Electronegativity of Hydrogen

On the basis of having established the new scale of the elemental electronegativity by the effective nuclear charge number method, this article proposed the new concept of electronegativity, pointed out the difference be-tween the atomic electronegativity and the elemental electronegativity, and discussed the method of calculating the electronegativity of hydrogen still further. The atomic electronegativity values of hydrogen were calculated in detail for more than twenty kinds of hydride of ionic type or covalent type. The elemental electronegativity value of hydrogen was equal to 1.52, and its atomic electronegativity value varied with the molecule and fluctuated within the limits of numerical value. The energy and hybrid degree of the subshell orbitals of the linked atom had much influence on the atomic electronegativity value of hydrogen. In this paper, the elemental electronegativity value referred to that value of the atom in abstracted typical valence bond structure which was calculated by the energy of the valence bond orbital itself only taken into account, being the representative value of the element in specific valence state or hybrid structure, and being a measure of the capacity that an isolated atom attracted the valence bond electron unilaterally; whereas the atomic electronega- tivity value referred to that value of the atom in real valence bond structure which was determined by the energy of the valence bond orbital calculated by the data of the energy of the valence shell electron of the bonding atom, the bond energy, the bond angle and so on, being the electronegativity equalization value of the shared electron at-tracted by nuclei.