Emergy analysis of a farm biogas project in China: A biophysical perspective of agricultural ecological engineering |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China;3. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. College of Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;3. Joint Center for Global Change and China Green Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;4. Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;5. China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094, China;6. Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory – SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic;7. School of Beijing Landscape and Garden, Beijing 102488, China;1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;3. Agronomy College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China;1. Embrapa Agrosilvipastoril, Sinop – Mato Grosso, Brazil, MT 222 Highway, Km 2,5, Sinop, MT, Brazil, 78550 - 970;2. Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariuna - São Paulo, Brazil, Rodovia SP-340, Km 127,5, Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariuna – São Paulo, Brazil, 13918-110;3. Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora - MG, Brazil, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330;5. Embrapa Solos, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil, Jardim Botânico St, 1024 - Jardim Botânico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 22460 – 000;6. Environmental Policy Lab, ETH Zürich, Switzerland, 8092;7. Embrapa Acre, Rio Branco - Acre, Brazil, BR-364 Highway, Km 14 (Rio Branco/Porto Velho), Rio Branco, AC, Brazil, 69900 - 970;8. Crop – Livestock, Forest Association – Rede ILPF, Brasília - DF, Brazil, SHCS CR Square 515 Bl B Nº 78 Asa Sul Brasília, DF, Brazil, 70381 - 520;9. Mato Grosso Institute of Agriculture Economics (IMEA), Cuiabá - MT, Brazil, Engenheiro Edgard Prado Arze St, Nº 0 - Edifício Famato - Centro Político Administrativo, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil, 78049 - 908;10. Sustainable Development Center, University of Brasília - Brazil, Universidade de Brasília - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil, 70910 - 900;11. Secretaria Especial de Assuntos Estratégicos da Presidência da República - Brazil, Praça dos Três Poderes, Palácio do Planalto, Anexo 1, Sala 216, Brasília, DF, Brazil, 70150-900;12. Faculty of Land and Food System, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2357, Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4 |
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| Abstract: | This paper aims to present a biophysical understanding of the agricultural ecological engineering by emergy analysis for a farm biogas project in China as a representative case. Accounting for the resource inputs into and accumulation within the project, as well as the outputs to the social system, emergy analysis provides an empirical study in the biophysical dimension of the agricultural ecological engineering. Economic benefits and ecological economic benefits of the farm biogas project indicated by market value and emergy monetary value are discussed, respectively. Relative emergy-based indices such as renewability (R%), emergy yield ratio (EYR), environmental load ratio (ELR) and environmental sustainability index (ESI) are calculated to evaluate the environmental load and local sustainability of the concerned biogas project. The results show that the farm biogas project has more reliance on the local renewable resources input, less environmental pressure and higher sustainability compared with other typical agricultural systems. In addition, holistic evaluation and its policy implications for better operation and management of the biogas project are presented. |
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