常用农药荧光特性的理论与实验

报道了一些有机农药的分子结构与荧光产生的关系，分析了西维因、克百威、啶虫脒等几种常用农药的分子结构和化学特性，揭示了它们产生荧光的机理特征。利用稳态荧光光谱仪，对西维因等农药分别在纯甲醇、80％水与20％甲醇混合液和呈碱性(pH=13)的甲醇混合液等溶剂中进行了荧光光谱测量，并分析了它们的荧光光谱特性和其分子结构的关系。实验结果表明，分子结构中具有平面刚性结构或共轭体系的一些芳香环、杂环等基团的农药，如西维因、克百威、啶虫脒，在一定的溶剂或酸碱条件下是能够被激发而产生荧光的，可以通过荧光分析方法对它们进行直接或间接地分析检测。为进一步研究和开发用于农药的荧光检测仪器提供了可行性的理论依据。

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Fluorescence Characteristics of Common Pesticides

The basic principles that a related organic substance can emit fluorescence as it is excited by (ultraviolet) rays is described , the relationships of molecular structures of organic substances and generation of (fluorescence) are studied, molecular structures and chemical characteristics of a few common pesticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, carbisoprocarb and acetamiprid are analyzed and their mechanism of generation of (fluorescence) is revealed. Moreover, the fluorescence spectrum experiments are conducted by means of a (steady-)state fluorescent spectrograph with the solutions of carbaryl,carbofuran and acetamiprid using pure methanol, the mixture of 80% of water and 20% of methanol and the alkalescent mixtures (pH=13) as solvents respectively and that their fluorescence spectrograms have been obtained and the relationships of their own molecular structures and characteristics of fluorescence are analyzed. The results indicate that some pesticides, for example carbaryl,carbofuran and acetamiprid, who have groups with plane rigidity structures or conjugate system like aryl ring and heterocyclic ring, can emit fluorescence as they are excited in a certain solvent or under the condition of acid or alkalescence, and they can be analyzed and measured directly or indirectly by fluorescence analysis. Study on fluorescence characteristics of pesticides provides a feasible theoretic basis for further researching and developing a fluorescence spectrometer for pesticides.