基于共轭高分子材料的光学生物传感器*

以聚芴、聚噻吩、聚乙炔为典型代表的共轭导电高分子材料，是作为传感元件进行光、电信号传导的优异材料，目前已成为生物传感器领域研究的热点。基于不同类型，不同性质的共轭高分子所设计的传感策略特色各异，功能也不尽相同，例如，利用共轭高分子可以与某些电子/能量受体之间发生电子/能量转移的特点，可以使传感器的检测信号得到数百万倍的放大，从而极大地提高检测的灵敏度；利用共轭高分子的光学性质随构象变化而变化的特点，则可以实现对靶介导的生物分子的构象或结构转变的检测。本文对各种基于不同传感策略的共轭高分子光学生物传感器研究进行了综述，并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。

High Sensitive Optical Biosensors Based on Conjugated Polymers

Conjugated polymers (CPs) with large, delocalized molecular structures exhibit unique optical characteristics, which can be used as excellent sensing elements. Recently, the use of water-soluble CPs as either chemical or biological sensor elements has received intense research interest. The sensing mechanism can be variable when different conjugated polymers are used. For example, million-fold signal amplification can be achieved when electron/energy that moves along a conjugated chain is transferred to an appropriate acceptor ultrafastly, so the sensitivity of the biosensor can be improved remarkably. Some CP’s optical characteristics can be changed when the conformations of the conjugated backbone or the profile substitutes are changed. With this, the colorimentric and fluorometric biosensor were designed by changing the conformation of the probes mediated by the combination of the specific targets.