重庆乡村地区民宿资源开发经营效率研究

民宿资源开发是农村经济转型时期乡村旅游和农村产业拓展的重要载体,研究民宿资源开发经营效率对促进乡村资源最优利用、区域民宿产业可持续发展有重要现实意义.调研重庆市22个民宿资源开发案例,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)与标杆管理定量评价其开发经营效率,分析效率不足的原因,并提出效率提升建议.研究表明:1)综合效率、技术效率和规模效率有效的民宿分别占总数的59.10%,72.73%,59.10%,处于规模收益递减阶段的民宿占比4.55%;2)4个片区中,主城区与渝东南片区的综合效率和规模效率较低,渝西片区的技术效率较低;3)以根据超效率值选取的标杆为基准,27.27%的民宿存在投入冗余和产出不足等问题.因此,重庆民宿资源开发经营整体效率较高,综合效率和规模效率总体上呈西部与东北部高、主城区与东南部低的分布特征,技术效率区域分布差异不大,渝西片区略低,效率较低的民宿可通过控制资源投入,提高社会效益,突出发展特色来改善.

Research on Operational Efficiency of Development of B&B Resource in Rural Areas of Chongqing

The development of Bed and Breakfast(B&B) resource is an important carrier for rural tourism and rural industrial development in the transition period of rural economy. Studying operational efficiency of the development of B&B resource is of great practical significance to promote the optimum utilization of rural resource and sustainable development of regional B&B industry. This paper took 22 B&B cases in Chongqing as the research object and used DEA model combined with Benchmarking Management to evaluate the efficiency quantitatively and analyzed the reasons for low efficiency, so as to put forward the improvement measures. The results show that, in the 22 cases, the B&B with comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency which is effective account for 45.45%, 86.36%, 45.45% of the total samples respectively while the B&B in a diminishing scale profits stage accounts for 4.55%; Among the five functional zones, the comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency of Chongqing Southeast Ecological Conservation Development Zone are generally low; similarly, the technical efficiency of New City Development Zone is low as well; Based on the benchmarks which was selected according to the super-efficiency values, 13.64% of the B&B have redundant investment and insufficient output., Consequently, the overall development efficiency of B&B resource in Chongqing is relatively high, and the comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency are generally high in west and northeast but low in southeast; As for the technical efficiency, it has a balanced distribution. Therefore, the B&B with low efficiency can be improved by investment control, social benefits increase, management technology promotion and higher service quality.