Nanotechnology for Electroanalytical Biosensors of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species |
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| Authors: | Dr Rajesh Seenivasan Charles Kolodziej Prof Chandran Karunakaran Prof Clemens Burda |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Research Lab, VHNSN College (Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India |
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| Abstract: | Over the past several decades, nanotechnology has contributed to the progress of biomedicine, biomarker discovery, and the development of highly sensitive electroanalytical / electrochemical biosensors for in vitro and in vivo monitoring, and quantification of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). A major source of ROS and RNS is oxidative stress in cells, which can cause many human diseases, including cancer. Therefore, the detection of local concentrations of ROS (e. g. superoxide anion radical; O2??) and RNS (e. g. nitric oxide radical; NO? and its metabolites) released from biological systems is increasingly important and needs a sophisticated detection strategy to monitor ROS and RNS in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the nanomaterials‐based ROS and RNS biosensors utilizing electrochemical techniques with emphasis on their biomedical applications. |
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| Keywords: | Biosensors electrochemistry cancer oxidative stress SOD1 enzyme |
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