Application of the computationally efficient self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method to magnesium-containing molecules

The geometric properties, ionization potentials, heats of formation, incremental binding energies, and protonation energies for up to 75 magnesium-containing compounds have been studied using the self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding method (SCC-DFTB), the complete-basis set (CBS-QB3) method, traditional B3LYP density-functional theory, and a number of modern semiempirical methods such as Austin Model 1 (AM1), modified neglect of diatomic overlap without and with inclusion of d functions (MNDO, MNDO/d), and the Parametric Method 3 (PM3) and its modification (PM5). The test set contains some widely varying chemical motifs including ionic or covalent, closed-shell or radical compounds, and many biologically relevant complexes. Geometric data are compared to experiment, if available, and otherwise to previous high-level ab initio calculations or the present B3LYP results. SCC-DFTB is found to predict bond lengths to high accuracy, with the root-mean-square (RMS) error being less than half that found for the other semiempirical methods. However, SCC-DFTB performs very poorly for absolute heats of formation, giving an RMS error of 29 kcal mol(-1), but for this property B3LYP and the other semiempirical methods also yield poor but useful results with errors of 12-22 kcal mol(-1). Nevertheless, SCC-DFTB does provide useful results for biologically relevant chemical-process energies such as protonation energies (RMS error 10 kcal mol(-1), with the range 6-19 kcal mol(-1) found for the other semiempirical methods) and ligation energies (RMS error 9 kcal mol(-1), less than the errors of 12-23 kcal mol(-1) found for the other semiempirical methods). SCC-DFTB is shown to provide a computationally expedient means of calculating properties of magnesium compounds, providing results with at most double the inaccuracy of the high-quality but dramatically more-expensive B3LYP method.