A possible role of the surface free enthalpy excess of solid chemical elements in their melting and critical temperature |
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| Institution: | 1. Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada;3. Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada;4. Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;5. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;6. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;1. A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petroleum Chemistry RAS, Leninsky prosp. 29, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation;2. Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation |
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| Abstract: | A 5–20% increase in the average number of neighbors of an atom (navrg) in the surface phase between 0 K and melting temperature Tm makes the solid surface “geometrically impossible” to exist at some temperature called the melting temperature. The latter results in the collapse of crystal structure, beginning with the formation of surface layers of liquid a few atoms thick, in agreement with recently published studies. The critical temperature of solid chemical elements is also discussed. The derivation yields expressions for the heat of melting (ΔHm), entropy of melting (ΔSm), melting temperature (Tm) and critical temperature (Tc) in case of pure metals. |
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