Recent advances in the production of controllable multiple emulsions using microfabricated devices |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;2. Wageningen University, Food Process Engineering Group, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom;2. School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan;3. Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia;4. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;5. Food Research Institute, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan;1. Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering - IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany;2. Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, University of Bremen, Faculty of Production Engineering, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany;3. Biomolecular and Materials Interface Research Group, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom;4. MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany;5. Particles and Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany;1. School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206, Guanggu 1st Road, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China |
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| Abstract: | This review focuses on recent developments in the fabrication of multiple emulsions in micro-scale systems such as membranes, microchannel array, and microfluidic emulsification devices. Membrane and microchannel emulsification offer great potential to manufacture multiple emulsions with uniform drop sizes and high encapsulation efficiency of encapsulated active materials. Meanwhile, microfluidic devices enable an unprecedented level of control over the number, size, and type of internal droplets at each hierarchical level but suffer from low production scale. Microfluidic methods can be used to generate high-order multiple emulsions (triple, quadruple, and quintuple), non-spherical (discoidal and rod-like) drops, and asymmetric drops such as Janus and ternary drops with two or three distinct surface regions. Multiple emulsion droplets generated in microfabricated devices can be used as templates for vesicles like polymersomes, liposomes, and colloidosomes with multiple inner compartments for simultaneous encapsulation and release of incompatible active materials or reactants. |
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| Keywords: | Membrane emulsification Microchannel emulsification Droplet microfluidics Microencapsulation Multiple emulsions Janus droplets |
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