红外系统点目标作用距离计算方法分析与实例

红外系统的作用距离参数是表征红外系统成像性能的重要指标。目前，红外系统作用距离的计算方法有多种，但都有其各自的适用性和局限性，因此需要考虑不同条件下多种因素对作用距离的影响。本文基于探测能量、基于噪声等效温差（NETD）的和基于对比度的3种点目标探测的作用距离模型，发现在不同条件下应用的局限性。当观测目标为人时，基于NETD的模型计算作用距离为8.74 km，与外场实验数据更为接近。而当观测目标为飞机时，基于能量的模型计算作用距离为32.04 km，与外场实验数据更为接近。结果表明，针对不同特征的目标，选取适当的作用距离计算方法有助于提高系统作用距离估算的准确度。

Analysis and Example of Operating Range Calculation Method for Point Target in Infrared System

The operating range parameter of an infrared system is an important index for characterizing its imaging performance. At present, there are many methods to calculate the operating distance of infrared systems, but they all have their own applicability and limitations. It is necessary to consider the influence of various factors on the operating distance under different conditions. In this study, based on the detection energy, noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and contrast, we found limitations under different conditions. When the observation target was a human, the calculated operating distance based on the NETD model was 8.74 km, which is closer to field experimental data. When the observation target was an aircraft, the calculated operating distance based on the energy model was 32.04 km, which is also closer to field experimental data. These results show that, according to the different characteristics of the target, selecting the appropriate calculation method for the operating distance is helpful in improving the accuracy of the system operating distance estimation.