Review of Ni-like ion X-ray laser research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
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| Institution: | 1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;2. Institute for Laser Science and Applications, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;3. Department of Applied Science, University of California Davis-Livermore, Livermore, CA 94550, USA;4. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA;1. Laboratoire d''Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique - ENSTA 91120 Palaiseau, France;2. INSERM, U27, 92150 Suresnes, France.;1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;2. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, 117924 Russia;1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada;2. Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W8, Canada;3. Department of Chemistry, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan;4. Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan;5. Department of Applied Chemistry, Toyo University, Kujirai 2100, Saitama 350-8585;1. Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan;2. Institute for Laser Technology, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan;3. Kansai University, 3-10-11 Yamate-cho Suita, Osaka 564, Japan;4. Osaka Sangyo University, 3-1-1 Nakagaito Daito, Osaka 574, Japan;5. Free Electron Laser Research Institute, 4547-44 Tsuda, Hirakata, Osaka 573, Japan |
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| Abstract: | We have demonstrated saturated output on several nickel-like ion X-ray lasers ranging from niobium to silver by using a psec, high-power, chirped-pulse-amplification, tabletop laser. These results have been achieved at wavelengths from 20.3 to 13.9 nm on the Ni-like 3d94d1S0→3d94p1P1 laser line using a total of 5 to 7 J of energy in a traveling wave excitation scheme. Strong amplification is also observed for Ni-like Sn at 11.9 nm. Gain of 41 cm?1, gain-length product of 18, and output energy of 12 μJ are measured for the Ni-like Pd line at 14.7 nm. For Ni-like Mo, experiments are done using multilayer mirrors to obtain two-dimensional images of the output aperture of the laser and to measure the total laser energy as a function of various parameters such as the delay between the short and long pulses and the energy of the two pulses. For Mo we measure an output energy of 2 μJ and a gain-length product of 16.6. To model the Mo experiments, the LASNEX code is used to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the XRASER code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. The temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma is studied both with and without radiation transport included for the 4f and 4p→3d Ni-like Mo resonance lines. High gains are predicted and observed for both the 3d94d1S0→3d94p1P1 laser line at 18.9 nm and the 3d94f1P1→3d94d1P1 photopumped line at 22.6 nm. |
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