Relaxation times and energy barriers of rubbing-induced birefringence in glass-forming polymers |
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Authors: | K P Shiu Zongyi Qin Z Yang |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
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Abstract: | The relaxations of rubbing-induced birefringence (RIB) in several glass-forming polymers, including polycarbonate and polystyrene
(PS) derivatives with various modifications to the phenyl ring side group, are studied. Significant relaxations of RIB are
observed at temperatures well below the glass transition temperature T
g . The relaxation times span a wide range from ∼ 10 s to probably geological time scale. Physical aging effects are absent
in the RIB relaxations. The model proposed for the interpretation of RIB in PS describes well the RIB relaxations in all the
polymers investigated here. The energy barriers are of the order of a few hundred kJ/mol and decrease with decreasing temperature,
in opposition to the trend of Vogel-Fulcher form for polymer segmental relaxations above T
g . The relaxation behaviors of different polymers are qualitatively similar but somewhat different in quantitative details,
such as in the values of the saturated birefringence, the shape of the initial barrier density distribution functions, the
rates of barrier decrease with decreasing temperature, and the dependence of relaxation times on temperature and parameter
, etc. The RIB relaxations are different from any of the other relaxations below T
g that have been reported in the literature, such as dielectric relaxations or optical probe relaxations. A microscopic model
for the relaxations of RIB is much desired. |
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Keywords: | PACS" target="_blank">PACS 78 20 Fm Birefringence 82 35 Lr Physical properties of polymers 83 80 Rs Polymer solutions |
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