Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays |
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Authors: | Peter Kis,Eva Horvá thová ,Eliš ka Gá lová ,Andrea Š evč ovič ová ,Veronika Antalová ,Elena Karniš ová Potocká ,Vladimí r Mastihuba,Má ria Mastihubová |
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Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.K.); (E.K.P.); (V.M.);2.Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;3.Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.G.); (A.Š.); (V.A.) |
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Abstract: | Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection. |
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Keywords: | tyrosol hydroxytyrosol phenylethanoid glycofuranosides basic zinc carbonate antioxidant activity cytotoxicity DNA damage DNA-protective effect |
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