束晕-混沌的复杂性理论与控制方法及其应用前景

本文系统论述涉及强流加速器等强流离子束装置中产生的束晕-混沌的复杂性理论与控制方法及其应用前景。强流离子束在核材料生产与增殖、洁净核能、放射性废物嬗变、放射性药物生产、重离子聚变、高能物理、核科学与工程、国防与民用工业和医疗等许多方面都有极其重要的应用潜力和诱人的发展前景。尤其是，近年来强流加速器驱动的放射性洁净核能系统是国内外关注的热门课题，因为它比常规核电更安全、更干净、更便宜。但是，强流离子束形成的束晕-混沌的复杂性现象已引起了国内外广泛关注，需要加以抑制、控制和消除这类现象，解决这一难题已经成为强流离子束应用中的关键问题之一。目前不仅必须深入研究这类束晕-混沌的复杂特性及其产生的物理机制，而且需要研究如何实现对束晕-混沌的有效控制，并寻求和发展其新理论、新方法和新技术。这就向强流离子束物理和非线性-复杂性科学及其技术提出了一系列极富挑战性的新课题。本文结合国内外的研究概况，根据我们多年来的研究成果，特别是我们首创性地提出了一些束晕-混沌的有效控制方法，它们包括：非线性反馈控制法，小波反馈控制法，变结构控制法，延迟反馈控制法，参数自适应控制法等，进行重点的介绍。对上述课题当前的主要进展及相关问题进行系统的总结和比较全面综述的评论。最后，指出该领域今后的研究方向，以推动这个崭新领域的深入研究和应用发展。

COMPLEXITY THEORY OF BEAM HALO-CHAOS AND ITS CONTROL METHODS WITH PROSPECTIVE APPLICATIONS

This article offers an overview and comprehensive survey of the complexity theory of beam halo_chaos and its control methods with prospective applications. In recent years, there has been growing interest in proton beams of high power linear accelerator due to its attractive features in possible breakthrough applications, such as production of nuclear materials (e.g., tritium, transforming 232 Th to 233 U), transmutation of radioactive wastes, productions of radioactive isotopes for medical use, and heavy ion fusion, higher_energy physics, nuclear science, and high_tech industries. In particular, high_current accelerator driven clean activity nuclear power systems for various applications as energy resources has been one of the most focusing issues in the current research, because it provides a safer, cleaner and cheaper nuclear energy resource. However, beam halo_chaos in high_current accelerators has become a key concerned issue because it can generate excessive radioactivity therefore significantly limits the applications of these accelerators in industry, medicine, and national defense. For these reasons, it is very important to study the complexity properties of beam halo_chaos and to understand the basic physical mechanisms for halo_chaos formation as well as to develop effective control methods for its suppression. These are very challenging subjects for the current research. In this article, we review and summarize the main research advances in the subjects, including our own research progress especially some very efficient control methods, for instance, nonlinear feedback control methods, wavelet_based feddback control, variable structure control, time_delayed feedback control and parametric adaptive control that we have developed through many years of efforts. Finally, some research outlooks are given to further promote these exciting and promising research subjects.