高速时空分辨光谱仪的构建及其在水中纳秒脉冲火花放电光谱诊断中的应用

近年来对水中高压脉冲放电等离子体特性的诊断研究越来越受到重视。测量单个放电脉冲放电等离子体的时间-空间分辨发射光谱，有助于研究水中脉冲放电等离子体的时空演化动力学特性和规律。在本研究中将四分幅超高速相机和单色仪结合，构建了一种跟踪单个放电脉冲的高速时空分辨光谱仪，开发了相应的光谱分析软件。用波长632.8 nm的He-Ne激光器，在1 200 g·mm-1刻线光栅条件下对光谱仪的性能进行了测试。结果表明：对应He-Ne氦氖激光632.8 nm谱线的像素分辨率为0.013 nm。在曝光时间20 ns时，单色仪狭缝宽度0.2 mm时632.8 nm谱线的仪器展宽为(0.150±0.009)nm，仪器展宽随着狭缝宽度的增加呈现增大趋势。曝光时间的变化不会引起仪器展宽的变化，能够确保在调节相机曝光时间的过程中不影响光谱仪性能。利用该高速分辨光谱仪对水中纳秒火花放电发射光谱进行了测量，单次曝光获得了单一脉冲放电等离子体时空演化光谱。今后进一步完善实验室的电路条件消除放电干扰，可以对单个放电脉冲进行更细致的测量，为研究单个放电脉冲等离子体参数的时空演化特性提供良好的技术手段。

A Time-Spatial Resolvable High Speed Spectrograph and Its Application on Spectrum Measurement of a Nanosecond Pulsed Underwater Spark Discharge

Recently, the diagnosis of the characteristic of pulsed underwater electrical discharges plasma have received significant attention. The measurement of a time-spatial resolved spectrum emitted from a single discharge pulse is important for understanding the time-spatial evolution characteristics of plasma generated by a pulsed high-voltage discharge in water. In this paper, a high speed time-spatial resolvable spectrograph for measuring the emission spectrum of a single electrical discharge pulse was reported. The high speed time-spatial resolvable spectrograph has been constructed by combining an ultrahigh-speed frame camera system with monochromator. Software for the spectral analyzing was also developed. The performance of the spectrograph was tested by using a 632.8 nm He-Ne laser beam at a 1 200 g·mm-1 grating. The pixel resolution for 632.8 nm spectra is 0.013 nm. The instrument broadening for 632.8 nm spectra is (0.150 ± 0.009)nm when the exposure time of the camera is 20 ns and the width of entrance slit is 0.2 mm, and increases with increasing the slit width. The change of exposure time of the camera has no influence on the instrument broadening, ensuring the spectrograph in a steady performance while adjusting the exposure time of the camera. With the spectrograph, time-spatial resolved spectra emitted from a single discharge pulse of an underwater nanoseconds spark discharge were obtained. It provides good data for investigating the time-spatial evolution characteristics of the discharge plasma during a single discharge pulse. The spectrograph developed in this work provides a technical approach for studying the time-spatial evolution characteristic of plasma generated by a single electrical discharge pulse.