Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function |
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| Authors: | Shinoda Kouhei Hasegawa Takuji Sato Hiroaki Shinozaki Masaaki Kuramoto Hirotomo Takamiya Yosuke Sato Tsutomu Nikaidou Naoki Watanabe Takeshi Hoshino Tsutomu |
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| Institution: | Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan. |
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| Abstract: | A biosynthetic intermediate of violacein produced by the mixed enzymes of VioABDE was elucidated to be 5-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, named protoviolaceinic acid, indicating that VioC, responsible for the final biosynthetic step, works to oxygenate at the 2-position of the right side indole ring, and that the oxygenation reaction to form the central pyrrolidone core proceeds in a non-enzymatic fashion. |
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