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Evolution of single nanobubbles through multi-state dynamics
Institution:1. School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;2. Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China;3. Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;4. Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, United States;1. Centre for Energy Technology, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;2. Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;3. Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77705, USA;1. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Land and Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Abstract:Nanobubble is a rising research field, which attracts more and more attentions due to its potential applications in medical science, catalysis, electrochemistry and etc. To better implement these applications, it is urgent to understand one of the most important mechanisms of nanobubbles, the evolution. However, few attentions have been paid in this aspect because of the methodology difficulties. Here we successfully used dark-field microscopy to study the evolution process of single nanobubbles generated from formic acid dehydrogenation on single Pd-Ag nanoplates. We found some of the nanobubbles in this system can exhibit three distinct states representing different sizes, which can transform among each other. These transitions are not direct but through some intermediate states. Further kinetic analysis reveals complicated mechanisms behind the evolution of single nanobubbles. The results acquired from this study can be applicable to nanobubble systems in general and provide insights into the understanding of mechanisms affecting the stability of nanobubbles and their applications.
Keywords:Nanobubble  Single nanoparticle  Catalysis  Dark-field microscopy  Intermediate state
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