Abstract: | The formation volume Vv of vacancies is given by Vv = (hv/L) ΔVf with hv = 8L (formation enthalpy hv of vacancies and heat L of fusion given in same units; ΔVf = change of volume due to melting). If there are phase transitions within the solid, L and ΔVf must be replaced by (L + Δ Ht) and by (ΔVf + ΔVt), respectively (Δ Ht and Δ Vt refer to the heat (s) of transition (s) and to the volume change(s) due to transition(s), resp.). The pressure dependence of the melting point is dTm/dp = (TmVv)/hv. Independent of the sign of Vv any increase of the vacancy concentration above the maximum concentration possible within the solid decreases the melting point thus resulting in the observed surface melting. The melting point is fixed by the characteristics of vacancy formation (hv, Sv, Vv) and by the bulk modulus of the solid (Sv = formation entropy of vacancies). |