Ground vibrations from passing trains

As railway operating practice has evolved, so trains have become faster and also in the case of freight trains heavier, with increased axle loads. To carry this traffic, heavier track has been introduced and maintenance programmes intensified. This paper examines the residual problems of ground-borne vibration, the vehicle and track features which might be responsible for generation, how it is propagated, and how it might affect wayside buildings. Experimental work has suggested various significant features of railway design which might merit attention.