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Refined weight of edges in normal plane maps
Authors:TsCh-D Batueva  OV Borodin  MA Bykov  AO Ivanova  ON Kazak  DV Nikiforov
Institution:1. Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;2. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;3. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia
Abstract:The weight w(e) of an edge e in a normal plane map (NPM) is the degree-sum of its end-vertices. An edge e=uv is of type (i,j) if d(u)i and d(v)j. In 1940, Lebesgue proved that every NPM has an edge of one of the types (3,11), (4,7), or (5,6), where 7 and 6 are best possible. In 1955, Kotzig proved that every 3-connected planar graph has an edge e with w(e)13, which bound is sharp. Borodin (1989), answering Erd?s’ question, proved that every NPM has either a (3,10)-edge, or (4,7)-edge, or (5,6)-edge.A vertex is simplicial if it is completely surrounded by 3-faces. In 2010, Ferencová and Madaras conjectured (in different terms) that every 3-polytope without simplicial 3-vertices has an edge e with w(e)12. Recently, we confirmed this conjecture by proving that every NPM has either a simplicial 3-vertex adjacent to a vertex of degree at most 10, or an edge of types (3,9), (4,7), or (5,6).By a k(?)-vertex we mean a k-vertex incident with precisely ? triangular faces. The purpose of our paper is to prove that every NPM has an edge of one of the following types: (3(3),10), (3(2),9), (3(1),7), (4(4),7), (4(3),6), (5(5),6), or (5,5), where all bounds are best possible. In particular, this implies that the bounds in (3,10), (4,7), and (5,6) can be attained only at NPMs having a simplicial 3-, 4-, or 5-vertex, respectively.
Keywords:Planar graph  Plane map  Structure properties  3-polytope  Weight
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