Ultraintense lasers: relativistic nonlinear optics and applications |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr Ave 53, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;2. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;3. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan;4. Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Russia;5. Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus;6. National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia;7. Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus;1. State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 912, Beijing 100083, People''s Republic of China;2. Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People''s Republic of China;1. Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France;2. Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France;3. Extreme Light Infrastructure—Nuclear Physics, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Măgurele, Jud. Ilfov, Romania;1. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;2. State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;1. Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia;2. Research Institute of Animal Production, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia;3. Faculty Hospital Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;4. King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;5. Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Traditional optics and nonlinear optics are related to laser–matter interaction with eV characteristic energy. Recent progresses in ultrahigh intensity makes it possible to drive electrons with relativistic energy opening up the field of relativistic nonlinear optics. In the last decade, lasers have undergone orders-of-magnitude jumps in peak power, with the invention of the technique of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) and the refinements of femtosecond techniques. Modern CPA lasers can produce intensities greater than 1021 W/cm2, one million times greater than previously possible. These ultraintense lasers give researchers a tool to produce unprecedented pressures (terabars), magnetic fields (gigagauss), temperatures (1010 K), and accelerations (1025 g) with applications in fusion energy, nuclear physics (fast ignition), high-energy physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. They promote the optics field from the eV to the GeV. |
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