Techniques for analyzing the early stages of crystallization reactions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany;2. hteAG, Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany;3. Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3-5, 20500 Abo (Turku), Finland;1. Equipe Métallation, Complexes Moléculaires et Applications, Université Moulay Ismail, Faculté des Sciences, Meknès, Morocco;2. Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France;3. Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France;1. College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China;1. School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;2. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China;3. State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;1. Institute of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, College of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 605 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410012, PR China;2. Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha 410012, PR China;3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14534, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper will — in a semi-review-like form — describe the problems in analyzing nucleation reactions, and approaches towards a solution of these problems. Attempts to pinpoint the nucleation event can start from the solution state, and the development of precursors for the solid state can be traced with mass spectrometry. Alternatively, one can try to obtain information on ever earlier stages of the solids formation itself, thus approaching the nucleation event from the side of the solid already formed. A highly suitable tool for this purpose is a tubular reactor, where crystallization reactions can be carried out continuously. |
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