辐射的相干性和熵的增加

本文讨论一个多原子辐射模型:N个有两能级的原子体系(A),与一个单模辐射(B)彼此耦合,A和B又分别同热库D和C耦合,假设在辐射场波长范围内所有原子有相同的相位,则在长波、旋转波和平均场近似下,用密度矩阵方法,引入Markov近似,便可导得A,B两体系的运动方程,这一组方程包含了单原子的自发辐射和热辐射引起的吸收、感应辐射,同时也包含了单模相干态辐射引起的N个原子的感应辐射以及这多原子体系的相干自发辐射过程。后两种过程实际上是始于Dicke模型而后曾被人们多次讨论过的两类超辐射过程,我们对上述五种过程进行 关键词：

THE COHERENCE OF RADIATION AND INCREASE IN ENTROPY

A model of radiation by multi-atoms is discussed. System A, composed of N atoms with two energy levels, is coupled with a single-mode radiation B. A and B are in turn coupled with two thermal reservoirs D and C respectively, and we also assume that all atoms which are located within a wave length of the radiation field have the same phase. Then under the approximation of long wave, rotating wave and mean fields, by introducing Markov approximation after using the method of density matrix, we have derived the of equations motion for systems A and B respectively. These equations are concerning with the following processes: the spontaneous emission of single atom, the absorption and induced emission stimulated by thermal radiation, the induced emission of N atoms stimulated by single mode coherent state radiation as well as the coherent spontaneous emission of this multi-atoms system. The latter two processes are actually the two kinds of superradiance originated from Dicke model and had been investigated previonsly. We have analysed these five processes by numerical calculations. Besides, the influence of these processes upon the evolution of atomic system attaining thermal equilibrium and the increase of entropy is also discussed. It is pointed out that the correlations inside a multi-atoms system would not be destroyed by coherent spontaneous emission, in contrast with the incoherent one which leads to the change of entropy in atomic system. However, only when the entropy of the two reservoirs has been taken into account, will it be possible to demonstrate the mono-tonic increase in total entropy.