Stochastic Aspects of Cardiac Arrhythmias |
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Authors: | Claudia Lerma Trine Krogh-Madsen Michael Guevara Leon Glass |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics in Physiology and Medicine and Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1Y6;(2) Departamento de Instrumentacion Electromecanica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologa “Ignacio Chavez,” Juan Badiano 1, Mexico D.F., Mexico, 14080;(3) Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 520 E. 70th Street, Starr 463, New York, NY 10021, USA |
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Abstract: | Abnormal cardiac rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias) often display complex changes over time that can have a random or haphazard
appearance. Mathematically, these changes can on occasion be identified with bifurcations in difference or differential equation
models of the arrhythmias. One source for the variability of these rhythms is the fluctuating environment. However, in the
neighborhood of bifurcation points, the fluctuations induced by the stochastic opening and closing of individual ion channels
in the cell membrane, which results in membrane noise, may lead to randomness in the observed dynamics. To illustrate this,
we consider the effects of stochastic properties of ion channels on the resetting of pacemaker oscillations and on the generation
of early afterdepolarizations. The comparison of the statistical properties of long records showing arrhythmias with the predictions
from theoretical models should help in the identification of different mechanisms underlying cardiac arrhythmias. |
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Keywords: | stochastic differential equations early afterdepolarizations ionic models premature ventricular complexes phase resetting |
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