1.Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry,University of Lodz,Lodz,Poland;2.Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics,AGH University of Science and Technology,Krakow,Poland
Abstract:
A new type of carbon ceramic electrode modified with bismuth oxide nanoparticles (referred to as Bi-CCE) was fabricated via the sol-gel method. The Bi-CCE was applied to the determination of syringic acid by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of the Bi-CCE and the voltammetric response to syringic acid were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The effects of the pH value of supporting electrolyte, of accumulation potential, accumulation time, SW mode parameters, and of possible interferents were tested. Under optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current (best measured at 0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl after an accumulation time of 20 s) increases linearly in the 0.4 to 24 μmol·L?1 syringic acid concentration range. Other figures of merit include an LOD of 47 nmol·L?1, a sensitivity of 3.3 μA·μmol?1·L·cm?2, and a relative standard deviation of 4.7% (for n = 5) at 2 μmol·L?1 of syringic acid. The method was successfully applied to the determination of syringic acid in red, white and rose wine as well as water samples.
Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) containing Bi2O3 nanoparticles and its application in square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SW AdSV) determination of syringic acid.
