Summary of findings from the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): corn stover pretreatment |
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Authors: | Richard T Elander Bruce E Dale Mark Holtzapple Michael R Ladisch Y Y Lee Colin Mitchinson John N Saddler Charles E Wyman |
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Institution: | (1) National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA;(2) Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;(3) Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;(4) Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;(5) Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;(6) Genencor, a Danisco Division, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;(7) University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;(8) University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA |
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Abstract: | The Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation, with members from Auburn University, Dartmouth College,
Michigan State University, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, the University
of British Columbia, and the University of California at Riverside, has developed comparative data on the conversion of corn
stover to sugars by several leading pretreatment technologies. These technologies include ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment,
ammonia recycle percolation pretreatment, dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, flowthrough pretreatment (hot water or dilute
acid), lime pretreatment, controlled pH hot water pretreatment, and sulfur dioxide steam explosion pretreatment. Over the
course of two separate USDA- and DOE-funded projects, these pretreatment technologies were applied to two different corn stover
batches, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining solids from each pretreatment technology using identical enzyme
preparations, enzyme loadings, and enzymatic hydrolysis assays. Identical analytical methods and a consistent material balance
methodology were employed to develop comparative sugar yield data for each pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.
Although there were differences in the profiles of sugar release, with the more acidic pretreatments releasing more xylose
directly in the pretreatment step than the alkaline pretreatments, the overall glucose and xylose yields (monomers + oligomers)
from combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process steps were very similar for all of these leading pretreatment
technologies. Some of the water-only and alkaline pretreatment technologies resulted in significant amounts of residual xylose
oligomers still remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis that may require specialized enzyme preparations to fully convert xylose
oligomers to monomers. |
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Keywords: | Ammonia fiber expansion Ammonia recycle percolation pretreatment CAFI Controlled pH pretreatment Corn stover Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment Enzymatic hydrolysis Lime pretreatment Pretreatment Sulfur dioxide pretreatment |
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