Monitoring of all hydrogen isotopologues at tritium laboratory Karlsruhe using Raman spectroscopy |
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| Authors: | Sturm M Schl?sser M Lewis R J Bornschein B Drexlin G Telle H H |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;(2) Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA |
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| Abstract: | We have recorded Raman spectra for all hydrogen isotopologues, using a CW Nd:YVO4 laser (5 W output power at 532 nm) and a high-throughput (f/1.8) spectrograph coupled to a Peltier-cooled (200 K) CCD-array detector (512 × 2048 pixels). A (static) gas cell was used
in all measurements. We investigated (i) “pure” fillings of the homonuclear isotopologues H2, D2, and T2; (ii) equilibrated binary fillings of H2 + D2, H2 + T2, and D2 + T2, thus providing the heteronuclear isotopologues HD, HT, and DT in a controlled manner; and (iii) general mixtures containing
all isotopologues at varying concentration levels. Cell fillings within the total pressure range 13–985 mbar were studied,
in order to determine the dynamic range of the Raman system and the detection limits for all isotopologues. Spectra were recorded
for an accumulation period of 1000 s. The preliminary data evaluation was based on simple peak-height analysis of the ro-vibrational
Q1-branches, yielding 3σ measurement sensitivities of 5 × 10−3, 7 × 10−3, and 25 × 10−3 mbar for the tritium-containing isotopologues T2, DT, and HT, respectively. These three isotopologues are the relevant ones for the KATRIN experiment and in the ITER fusion
fuel cycle. While the measurement reported here were carried out with static-gas fillings, the cells are also ready for use
with flowing-gas samples. |
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