硝基苯与正十六烷二元溶液在临界区域的浊度

测量了硝基苯与正十六烷二元溶液在临界区域不同波长及温度下的浊度, 结合与关联长度、渗透压缩系数、共存曲线有关的三个指前因子(x0, ξ0, B)的比例关系: R=ξ0[B^2/(4kBTcx0)]^1^/^3(kB和Tc分别为玻尔兹曼常数与临界温度)及R的理论值(0.65-0.67), 用Ornstein-Zernike方程拟合浊度-温度-波长数据, 得到临界指数γ与ν, 在误差范围内与值一致。将γ与ν固定在理论值1.241和0.63, 求得ξ0为0.168nm(R=0.65)和0.174nm(R=0.67), x0为2.81×10^-^9m^3.J^-^1(R=0.65)和2.85×10^-^9m^3.J^-^1(R=0.67)。

Turbidity measurements of nitrobenzene in hexadecane in the critical region

A series of turbidity measurements have been made for nitrobenzene in hexadecane in the critical region at various wavelengths and temperatures. Critical amplitudes ξ0, x0 and B corresponding to the correlation length, the susceptibility and the coexistence curve are related through R=ξ0[B^2/(4kBTcx0)]^1^/^3, where the value of R is 0.65-0.67. By using this relation the turbidity data have been fitted to Ornstein-Zernike equation to obtain critical exponents γ and ν, which are consistent with the theoretical values within experimental uncertainties. The experimental data have also been analyzed to determine critical amplitudes when the value of γ and ν are fixed at their theoretical values 1.241 and 0.63. The results have shown that ξ0 is 0.168nm (R=0.65) and 0.174nm (R=0.67), and x0 is 2.81×10^-^9m^3.J^-^1(R=0.65) and 2.85×10^-^9m^3.J^-^1 (R=0.67), respectively.