基于光谱分析的植物叶片仿生伪装材料设计

利用植物单叶光谱模型PROSPECT分析了植物叶片结构和组分对其反射光谱的影响.结果表明,模拟植物叶片反射光谱的仿生伪装材料应具有粗糙表面和疏松多孔结构,基体材料的折射指数应接近植物叶片且在400～2 500 nm之间基本不变,成分中应含有叶绿素和水并严格控制C-H键的含量.依据上述原则,设计了一种由粗糙透明防水表面、叶绿素、水和多孔材料四层构成的新型仿生伪装材料.验证实验表明,上述四层简单复合后的反射光谱即呈现出与植物叶片一致的反射光谱特征,相似度可达0.988 1,且经过三个月的日照后,其反射光谱特征不变,显示了较好的耐候性.该伪装材料与植物叶片光谱相似度高,耐候性好,有望成为对抗高光谱侦察的有效手段.

Design of plant leaf bionic camouflage materials based on spectral analysis

The influence of structure parameters and contents of plant leaves on their reflectance spectra was analyzed using the PROSPECT model. The result showed that the bionic camouflage materials should be provided with coarse surface and spongy inner structure, the refractive index of main content must be close to that of plant leaves, the contents of materials should contain chlorophyll and water, and the content of C-H bond must be strictly controlled. Based on the analysis above, a novel camouflage material, which was constituted by coarse transparent waterproof surface, chlorophyll, water and spongy material, was designed. The result of verifiable experiment showed that the reflectance spectra of camouflage material exhibited the same characteristics as those of plant leaves. The similarity coefficient of reflectance spectrum of the camouflage material and camphor leaves was 0.988 1, and the characteristics of camouflage material did not change after sunlight treatment for three months. The bionic camouflage material, who exhibited a high spectral similarity with plant leaves and a good weather resistance, will be an available method for reconnaissance of hyperspectral imaging hopefully.