Ion charge state distributions of alloy-cathode vacuum arc plasmas

Ion charge state distributions (CSD's) of alloy-cathode vacuum arc plasmas have been calculated under the assumption that thermodynamic equilibrium is valid in the vicinity of the cathode spot, and equilibrium CSD's “freeze” when the plasma is rapidly expanding. In this way, experimental data of titanium-hafnium alloy-cathode plasmas have been simulated using a system of Saha equations generalized for multiple elements. It was found that the CSD's of titanium and hafnium freeze approximately at the same plasma temperature and density. The freezing parameters depend slightly on the plasma composition. For the example considered, freezing occurs at temperature of T=3.0-3.8 eV and a total heavy particle density of order 10²⁵m^-3