Nonequilibrium laser-produced plasma of volume-structured media and inertial-confined-fusion applications |
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Authors: | Sergey Yu Gus’kov |
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Institution: | 1.P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | We review the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the properties of a nonequilibrium plasma produced from volume-structured
media, containing micro- and nano-size internal elements, under laser-pulse irradiation. We consider two types of materials,
i.e., regularly and stochastically structured materials. The first type is either a set of flat layers or cylindrical and
spherical shells of micrometer thickness, and the second type is either foams of light elements or light foams containing
clusters of heavy elements with dimensions in the range of 10–100 nm. We study the properties of high-temperature laser-produced
plasmas of such materials and applications directed to developing the design of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets
and creating powerful sources of thermonuclear neutron and soft X-ray emission initiated by the laser pulse. The foam materials
can be used as absorbers capable of providing homogeneity of laser-energy absorption by the target. A neutron yield up to
1014−1015 DT neutrons per shot can be achieved by heating regularly structured materials using a laser pulse in the regime of the
consequent thermal explosions of solid elements containing isotopes of hydrogen. Laser-radiation conversion into soft X-ray
emission with the efficiency controlled in a wide range may be realized in laser-produced plasmas of porous media doped with
clusters of heavy elements. In particular, such a material can be used as an absorber–converter of laser radiation in inertial
confinement fusion targets. Under direct irradiation of an ICF target by a laser pulse, such a converter can provide transformation
of 20–30% of the absorbed laser energy into the energy of X-ray radiation transferred to thermonuclear capsules. |
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