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Development of liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of halogenated flame retardants in wastewater |
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| Authors: | Simon Ningsun Zhou Eric J Reiner Chris Marvin Paul Helm Nicole Riddell Frank Dorman Michelle Misselwitz Li Shen Patrick Crozier Karen MacPherson Ian D Brindle |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada 2. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, ON, M9P 3V6, Canada 3. Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada 4. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Toronto, ON, M9P 3V6, Canada 5. Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, ON, N1G 3M5, Canada 6. Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, PA, 16823, USA 7. Juniata College Department of Chemistry, Huntingdon, PA, 16652, USA |
| Abstract: | Until recently, atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) has typically been used for the determination of non-polar halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) by liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS) for analysis of 38 HFRs. This developed method offered three advantages: simplicity, rapidity, and high sensitivity. Compared with APPI, APCI does not require a UV lamp and a dopant reagent to assist atmospheric pressure ionization. All the isomers and the isobaric compounds were well resolved within 14-min LC separation time. Excellent instrument detection limits (6.1 pg on average with 2.0 μL injection) were observed. The APCI mechanism was also investigated. The method developed has been applied to the screening of wastewater samples for screening purpose, with concentrations determined by LC-APCI-MS/MS agreeing with data obtained via gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. LC-APCI-MS/MS for analysis of halogenated flame reterdants |
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